Oil-burner.



W, H. FROST.

OIL BURNER. APPucAlou mso MAR. z5, mi2.

Patented Apr. 2G, MM5.

NEED STATES OIL-BURNER.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, WARREN H. Faos'r, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Oil-Burner, of which., the following is a specification.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an oil burner with means for spraying heavy oils with a comparatively light pressure of air, steam or other suitable agent.

A further object of the invention is to.

provide means for regulating the supply of oil and air in correspondence With one another.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner which will produce a short concentrated dame, this being of special value in boiler furnaces and other locations Where it is desirable to keep the llame close to the burner and prevent it from striking the Walls of the boiler or lire-box.

Hitherto it has required a considerable pressure to tear or break up heavy cold oil into a spray line enough to ignite and burn. ,This is due not only to the densityy but to {the viscosity of the heavy oils, such, for example, as California 'fuel oil of say 14 Baume. In vthis connection one object of the present invention is to spread the oil into a. thin film, and While it is in this condition tear it away into small particles and deliver it into the furnace.

' These objects are attained, according to the present invention, by using an oil delivery opening lwhich is circular in form and which is nearly filled by a circular plug, thus forcing the oil into a thin film in the Vannular space between the Wall of the open ing` and the plug and delivering against this filnra sheet of air, steam or elastic fluid Which is also annular in form and moves across the oil film so as to break the oil up; 45..

lfihe tearing or breakingup `action of the spraying'agent is greatly increased' by giving it a rotary motion so that it revolves around the plug around which the oil film is formed.l

The invention also provides lor the utilication of they said plug' as the valve member for controlling the oil supply and the utilization of the directing means for the Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 2o, 1915.

Application led March 25, 1912. Serial No. 686,160.

spraying agent as the valve for cutting off the supply thereof.

Other objects of the invention Will appear hereinafter.

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention, and referring thereto:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the burner. of Fig. 1.

The burner parts are mounted in a 'tubular or cylindrical casing 1, provided'with a lateral air inlet 2. The burner head 3 con sists of a cylindrical body itting in one end of said cylindrical tubular member 1, and fastened by suitable means such as a screw 4. Said cylindrical body 3 has a frustoconical extension projecting beyond the end of the tubular casing 1, and the end portion of this extension is preferably provided With a Haring recess 6.

An air valve and deflector member 8 is 'mounted to move Within a cylindrical recess 9 in the body 3, said recess forming an ex Fig. 2 is a section on line f-:clj

tensionbf the interior cylindrical chamber" 3 of said body. Said member 8 is cylindricalin form with a peripheral helical rib 10 which slidably engages the wall of the recess 9 forming a helical or spiral passage 10 in the space between the threads of said rib,

this passage serving for conveying the4 steam, air or spraying agent. The member 8 terminates at its forward end in a conical or converging portion 12, which is adapted to seat against a correspondingly formed con-v verging seat 13 in the extension 5 of 'they body 3 to serve as a valve. The member 8 is attached to and carried by a sleeve 15, bcingtfor example, provided with a screwthreaded extension 17 at its rear-end screwing into the outer end portion of the sleeve 15. Said sleeve 15 screws at its rear end into consisting, for example, of packing material 20 embraced between the cylindrical body 1S and a circular nut 21 screwing on the rpo sleeve 15. The position of the body 18 and the member 8 connected thereto is vvaried -by means of a screw cap 22 screwed on the outside of the tubular member 1 and enf-l '1.

` drical chamber 29 in the gaging between a shoulder 18 of the body 18 and a collar 23 which screws on a boss 24 on the body 18, and may be locked into position by a set screw 25.

The member 8 is formed at its forward end with a flaring outlet 28 communicating at its rear end with a bore or cylin- -member 8, said 'cylindrical chamber 29 being connected to the flaring outlet 28 by a converging passage 30 and said chamber 29 communicating at its rear end with the bore 15 of the sleeve 15, and said bore 15 communicating at its rear end with a chamber 32 formed in the body 18. The oil supply pipe 33 extends through a longitudinal slot 31 in the wall ofthe tubular casing 1 and communicates with the chamber 32 in the body 18 so the oil`may pass from said pipe 33 through the chamber 32, bore 15 and chamber 29 to the outlet 28, the outflow of oil through said outlet being controlled by an oil deflector and valve member 34. Said valve member consists of a forwardly flaring plug conforming to the shape o the flaring outlet 28 and formed on the forward end of a rod 35 which is attached by means of a pivot pin 36 to the forward end of a valve controlling rod .37, the forward end of said rod 37 being chambered as at 38 to receive the stem 35 and the pivot pin 36 being loosely mounted in said rod 37 to permit the valve member 34 to adjust itself to its seat or to assume a central position within the outlet 28. Said valve stem is guided by sliding through a longitudinal bore in-a guide member 39 formed with Alongitudinal channels 40 for the passage of oil. The

' valve controlling member 37 is adjusted by `lated by the adjustment a screw cap 43 screwing on the boss 24 aforesaid and engaging between nuts or screw collars 46 on the rear end of the valve controlling rod 37. A stutling box is provided for the valve controlling rod 37 comprising a gland 42 screwing in the boss 24 and packing material 42 compressed by said gland. Y

The operation is as follows: Oil is supplied to pipe 33 from any suitable means and passes into chamber 32 and thence along the bore 15" of tube sleeve 15 and through the chamber 29 and passage 30 to the oil outlet. At this outlet the oil asses between the flaring plug 34 and the aring wall of the outlet and is thereby spread intol a thin film, the thickness of which can be regu of the Valve controlling rod 37 drawing the plug 34 nearer|x to the wall of the outlet. The oil is thereby 'caused to emerge from the outlet in the form of a thin conical divergent jet or iilmi At the same time the air supplied through passage 2v by any suitable means, passes through the chamber 3 to the helical passage 9 wherein a whirling motion is im- -p'lete combustion,

velocity for atomizing and mixing. The

of oil into fine particles, this action being aided by the rotary motion given to the air l by reason of its passage through the helical passage 9. To shut off the oil it is only necessary to draw the valve plug 34 inwardly into contact with the wall of the oil outlet, and to shut olf the air, the meinber 8 is forced forwardly so that its tapering, forward end seats against the tapering valve seat 13.

By means of this burner, I have found it possible to burn efficiently or with perfect combusti-on, California fuel oil of about 12 Baume gravity, and at a temperature ii about 50 F., and with cold air supplied through the air inlet at one or two pounds pressure. The oil, however, may be heated by the heat of the burner itself, if desired.

The burner described is cheap in construction as most of the parts are round and adapted to be turned in a lathe.

The annular air outlet between the parts l2 and 13 has .walls which are forwardly convergent to the point of delivery, so that the air issues therefrom in a convergent conical sheet. The whirling motion imparted to the air or atomizing medium as it leaves the air outlet, sets up a vortex, the particles moving forwardly and outwardly, giving relatively long paths for the air and oil within a short longitudinal distance from the burner, holding the flame near the` burner and concentrating the heat, it being understood that a certain length of path is required to give time for comtogether with suiicient amount of air supplied to the burner may be regulated by moving the valve member 8 to or from the couver be noted that as the out by this means,

et for air is reduced the pressure of the air will be increased and the velocity with which the` air issues will be correspondingly increased.

gConsequently, when-the burner is' .operated with a small `fiame, oil supply and air supply are both cut down to ai minimum, the velocity of .the i duce effective atomizing and mixing action, causing the burner to burn with complete combustion when turned low, or with a small flame which is a condition in which it is most difficult to secure good combustion. Another important feature of the invention is the flare or plug 34 and the outlet with which it coperates, causing the oil to issue in a flaring ing scat 13. 4It Will air is increased, so as to pro- I divergence of the conical film or sheet which facilitates the spreading out of the flame laterally instead of longitudinally along the axis of the jet and thereby conduces to the production of' a short widespread flame.

Y By providing for burning of the oil with comparatively low pressure of air or other e astio Huid, the advantage is obtained that the burner is adapted to for use for domestic purposes such as stoves, hot air furnaces, open grates, etc., where the use of high pressure is inconvenient or impracticable, the invention providing for use of a cheap, safe and abundant fuel for such purposes with no smoke or disagreeable odor and also providing for effective regulation 'of the supply of oil and spraying agent. For such purposes a comparatively light pressure of air is required which may be readily obtained by` blowers or pumps of simple and cheap construction, driven by electric mon tors or gas engines. This burner is also an ideal burner for use in processes making gas from crude or heavy oils, and is adapted to hotwater and steam heating and for boilers for steam plants, and in fact, for any use where oil is to be sprayed or burnt, it is a great improvement over anything yetdevised. A

lt will be understood that when the terms air valve and air outlet are used therein, the use of steam or other elastic spraying agent is contemplated as well as air.

What `l claim is:

1. An oil burner con'iprising a tubular outer member provided with means for supplying air to the interior thereof', said outer member having at its forward end an air outlet and a convergent valve seat directly back of said outlet, and a cylindrical recess back of said seat, a tubular air 'valve member within said outer member. having its forward end convergent vto correspond to the said valve seat, and said tubular air valve member being provided back of said convergent forward end thereof with a spiral rib portion fitting in the cylindrical recess of said outer member, said tubular air valve member being provided with means for supplying oil to the interior thereof, and with an oil outlet at the front end thereof located forwardly of said air outlet and in the path of the jet of air from said air outlet. 2. Ari oil burner comprising an outer tubular member having an outlet and a convergent valve seat directly back of said outlet, an inner tubular member movable longitudinally within said outer tubular member and having a convergent forward end portion cooperating with the convergent valve seat on said outer member to form an annular air outlet, the outer and inner walls of said air outlet being forwardly convergent toward the axis of the burner, to the point of delivery, said inner tubular member being provided back of said convergent portion with oblique deflector means for producing a rotative movement of the air passing to said outlet, means for supplying oil to the interior of said inner tubular member, said inner tubular member being provided at its forward end with an outwardly flaring oil outlet located in the path of the. jet of air from said annular air outlet, a flaring oil valve in said oil outlet, and means for longitudinal adjustment of' said oil valve in said oil outlet.

3. An oil burner comprising an outer tubular member provided with means for supplying air to the interior thereof, said outer member having at its forward end an air outlet and a valve seat directly back of said air outlet, said valve seat being forwardly convergent toward the axis of' the burner. and said outer tubular member being provided with a cylindrical recess back of said seat, a tubular air valve member within said outer member having its forward end convergent toward the axis of the burner corresponding to said valve seat, and said tubular air valve member being provided back of said convergent forward end thereof' with a spiral rib portion fitting iu the cylindrical recess of said outer tubular member, and means for longitudinal adjustment of said tubular air valve member in said outer tubular member to vary the size of said air outlet` said tubular air valve member being provided with means for supplying oil to the interior thereof and with .an oil outlet at the front end thereof, lo

rated forwardly of said air outlet and in the path of the jet of air from said air outlet.

In testimony whereof. l have hereunto set my hand at Vancouver B. C. this 12th day of March, 1912.

VARRICN HERBERT FROST.

In presence of- G. C. Woomvann, E. P. BAKER. 

